Many of my patients have reported this ability to me.  They can predict when their arm or leg is going to be affected by weather. They like you will say their limb feels heavier , become achier, or has increased sensation of pins and needles. I have attributed this to the changes in ambient temperature must cause a change in the barometer pressures which in turn leads to diminished tissue pressure thus causing fluid retention.

I have not read any literature that explains this ability to predict changes in swelling and ambient temperature changes.

    it is good that you can predict an increase and take the appropriate measures in controlling it. Such as, wearing a properly fitted compression sleeve, follow all skin and activity precautions, perform decongestive exercises (ex. diaphragmatic breathing techniques and decongestive lymphedema exercises ), and allowing your arm to rest more during this time.